从分布式敏感数据中学习隐私的模型是一个越来越重要的问题，通常在联邦学习环境中提出。最近通过分区的变异推理算法扩展到了非私有联盟学习设置。为了保护隐私，当前的黄金标准称为差异隐私。差异隐私在强大的数学上明确定义的意义上保证了隐私。在本文中，我们介绍了差异化的分区变异推断，这是学习与联合学习环境中贝叶斯后分布的差异近似的第一个通用框架，同时最大程度地减少了通信弹的数量并为数据主体提供差异隐私保证。我们在通用框架中提出了三个替代实现，一个基于单个方面的本地优化，而两个基于扰动全局更新（一种使用联合平均版本，一个将虚拟方添加到协议中），并比较其属性，并比较其属性理论上和经验。我们表明，只要各方都有足够的本地数据，扰动本地优化与简单且复杂的模型效果很好。但是，每个方始终独立保证隐私。相比之下，扰动全局更新与相对简单的模型最有效。鉴于可以访问合适的安全原始词，例如安全聚合或安全的改组，所有各方都可以共同保证隐私。

Shuffle模型的差异隐私是一种基于当地隐私机制和可信的混洗机的组合的新型分布式隐私模型。已经表明，与纯粹的局部机制相比，Shuffler提供的附加随机化改善了隐私范围。考虑紧张的界限，特别是对于多留言协议，Shuffler带来的复杂性是复杂的。最近提出的傅里叶会计师进行评估为$（\ varepsilon，\ delta）$ - 差异隐私保障已经显示出比各种复杂机制的非适应性组成的常用方法更严格的界限。在本文中，我们展示了如何使用傅立叶会计师进行傅立叶版本的多消息版本的多消息版本的多消息版本，并展示文献中存在的界限的松动。

嘈杂的传感，不完美的控制和环境变化是许多现实世界机器人任务的定义特征。部分可观察到的马尔可夫决策过程（POMDP）提供了一个原则上的数学框架，用于建模和解决不确定性下的机器人决策和控制任务。在过去的十年中，它看到了许多成功的应用程序，涵盖了本地化和导航，搜索和跟踪，自动驾驶，多机器人系统，操纵和人类机器人交互。这项调查旨在弥合POMDP模型的开发与算法之间的差距，以及针对另一端的不同机器人决策任务的应用。它分析了这些任务的特征，并将它们与POMDP框架的数学和算法属性联系起来，以进行有效的建模和解决方案。对于从业者来说，调查提供了一些关键任务特征，以决定何时以及如何成功地将POMDP应用于机器人任务。对于POMDP算法设计师，该调查为将POMDP应用于机器人系统的独特挑战提供了新的见解，并指出了有希望的新方向进行进一步研究。

随机过程提供了数学上优雅的方式模型复杂数据。从理论上讲，它们为可以编码广泛有趣的假设的功能类提供了灵活的先验。但是，实际上，难以通过优化或边缘化来有效推断，这一问题进一步加剧了大数据和高维输入空间。我们提出了一种新颖的变性自动编码器（VAE），称为先前的编码变量自动编码器（$ \ pi $ vae）。 $ \ pi $ vae是有限的交换且Kolmogorov一致的，因此是一个连续的随机过程。我们使用$ \ pi $ vae学习功能类的低维嵌入。我们表明，我们的框架可以准确地学习表达功能类，例如高斯流程，也可以学习函数的属性以启用统计推断（例如log高斯过程的积分）。对于流行的任务，例如空间插值，$ \ pi $ vae在准确性和计算效率方面都达到了最先进的性能。也许最有用的是，我们证明了所学的低维独立分布的潜在空间表示提供了一种优雅，可扩展的方法，可以在概率编程语言（例如Stan）中对随机过程进行贝叶斯推断。

Variational inference uses optimization, rather than integration, to approximate the marginal likelihood, and thereby the posterior, in a Bayesian model. Thanks to advances in computational scalability made in the last decade, variational inference is now the preferred choice for many high-dimensional models and large datasets. This tutorial introduces variational inference from the parametric perspective that dominates these recent developments, in contrast to the mean-field perspective commonly found in other introductory texts.

Knowledge graphs (KG) have served as the key component of various natural language processing applications. Commonsense knowledge graphs (CKG) are a special type of KG, where entities and relations are composed of free-form text. However, previous works in KG completion and CKG completion suffer from long-tail relations and newly-added relations which do not have many know triples for training. In light of this, few-shot KG completion (FKGC), which requires the strengths of graph representation learning and few-shot learning, has been proposed to challenge the problem of limited annotated data. In this paper, we comprehensively survey previous attempts on such tasks in the form of a series of methods and applications. Specifically, we first introduce FKGC challenges, commonly used KGs, and CKGs. Then we systematically categorize and summarize existing works in terms of the type of KGs and the methods. Finally, we present applications of FKGC models on prediction tasks in different areas and share our thoughts on future research directions of FKGC.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation is a promising task freeing people from heavy annotation work. However, domain discrepancies in low-level image statistics and high-level contexts compromise the segmentation performance over the target domain. A key idea to tackle this problem is to perform both image-level and feature-level adaptation jointly. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such unified approaches for UDA tasks in the existing literature. This paper proposes a novel UDA pipeline for semantic segmentation that unifies image-level and feature-level adaptation. Concretely, for image-level domain shifts, we propose a global photometric alignment module and a global texture alignment module that align images in the source and target domains in terms of image-level properties. For feature-level domain shifts, we perform global manifold alignment by projecting pixel features from both domains onto the feature manifold of the source domain; and we further regularize category centers in the source domain through a category-oriented triplet loss and perform target domain consistency regularization over augmented target domain images. Experimental results demonstrate that our pipeline significantly outperforms previous methods. In the commonly tested GTA5$\rightarrow$Cityscapes task, our proposed method using Deeplab V3+ as the backbone surpasses previous SOTA by 8%, achieving 58.2% in mIoU.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

The performance of inertial navigation systems is largely dependent on the stable flow of external measurements and information to guarantee continuous filter updates and bind the inertial solution drift. Platforms in different operational environments may be prevented at some point from receiving external measurements, thus exposing their navigation solution to drift. Over the years, a wide variety of works have been proposed to overcome this shortcoming, by exploiting knowledge of the system current conditions and turning it into an applicable source of information to update the navigation filter. This paper aims to provide an extensive survey of information aided navigation, broadly classified into direct, indirect, and model aiding. Each approach is described by the notable works that implemented its concept, use cases, relevant state updates, and their corresponding measurement models. By matching the appropriate constraint to a given scenario, one will be able to improve the navigation solution accuracy, compensate for the lost information, and uncover certain internal states, that would otherwise remain unobservable.